Abamectin

الوصف

Avermectin by Omura Kitasato University in Japan and the United States and other intellectual Merck company first developed a class of six-membered macrolide compounds having insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal activity by Streptomyces griseus Streptomyces avermitilis fermentation. Natural avermectin contains eight components, there are four kinds namely A1a, A2a, B1a and B2a, the total content ≥*0%; corresponding to four smaller proportion of homologs is A1b, A2b, B1b and B2b , the total content of ≤*0%. Avermectin pesticide is currently marketed as a main insecticidal ingredient abamectin (Avermectin B1a + B1b, B1a which not less than *0%, B1b no more than 5%), with the content of B1a to calibration. Since ***1 harm pole off (abamectin) after entering the market of pesticides, avermectin pesticide plays more important role in the prevention and control system of pests. Avermectin in China currently has more than *0 production, currently marketed avermectin series pesticides abamectin, ivermectin and emamectin benzoate. Of the late ***0s, developed by the Shanghai Institute of pesticides in soil is separated from Guangdong Jieyang screened ***1 strain, after analysis proved that strain S.avermitilis Ma****0 is similar to the same chemical structure and avermectin. ***3 Beijing Agricultural University New Technology Development Corporation project research and production development of this drug. Avermectin is a new antibiotic class, a new structure, dual characteristics of farm animals. With the improvement of people's living standards as well as the call for green food, bio-pesticides in current pesticide market in the acclaimed, pundits predicted that the *1st century will be the century of biological pesticides. It is reported that the European bio-pesticides will rise in ***7 sales of $ **0 million to $ **9 million in ***4. Avermectin is a new biological pesticide products are currently the most popular market and a competitive nature.
API
Avermectin also called Ai Fuding, ***1 killing factors, insects and mites light, green vegetables Bao, the original drug as a white or yellow-white crystalline powder, the active ingredient content of *5% to *0%, the proportion of 1.*6, a melting point of **5 ~ **7 ℃ , vapor pressure of 2 × ***7pa, *1 ℃ solubility in water is 7.8 mg / liter, acetone, **0 mg / ml, ethanol *0 mg / ml, methanol *9.5 mg / ml, chloroform, *0 mg / ml, ring hexane to 6 mg / ml, isopropyl alcohol *0 mg / ml, kerosene 0.5 mg / ml, of toluene **0 mg / ml. Easy to decompose at room temperature, at *5 ℃, the solution pH6 ~ 9 in no decomposition phenomenon. Appearance light brown liquid preparation, storage stability at room temperature for more than 2 years. Toxicity: According to Chinese pesticide toxicity grading standards, avermectin is a highly toxic pesticides. The original drug acute oral LD*0 of l0 mg / kg, acute oral LD*0 of *3 mg / kg, rabbit acute percutaneous LD*0 greater than ***0 mg / kg in rats with acute percutaneous LD*0 greater than **0 mg / kg, large rat acute inhalation LC*0 greater than 5.7 mg / l. No skin irritation, slight irritation of the eyes. In the experimental dose on animals no teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic effect. Three generations of breeding experiments in rats, no effect at a dose of 0.*2 mg / kg / day. Two years had no effect in rats at a dose of 2 mg / kg / day. Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, trout LC*0 *6 hours was 3.6 micrograms / liter, bluegill sunfish *6 hours LC**9.6 micrograms / liter. Highly toxic to bees, oral LD*0 of 0.**9 g / head contact LD*0 0.**2 g / head, but left in the foliage of LT*0 was 4 hours after drug remaining in the foliage of four hours of low toxicity to bees. Low toxicity to birds, quail acute oral LD*0 greater than ***0 mg / kg, ducks acute oral LD*0 of *6.4 mg / kg. Acute oral LD*0 of **0 formulation mg / kg, rabbit acute percutaneous LD*0 greater than ***0 mg / kg. Acute inhalation LC*0 of 1.1 mg / liter. To the eyes and skin stimulation. Abamectin EC formulation of 1.8% (*8 g active ingredient per liter)