Benomyl 95%TC, 50%WP

الوصف

1) Action: systemic fungicide with protective and curative actions
2) Uses: effective against a wide range of Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti and some
Basidiomycetes in cereals, grapes, pome and stone fruit, rice and vegetables. It
is also effective against mites, primarily as an ovicide. Also used as pre-harvest
spray or dip for the control of storage rots of fruit and vegetables.
3) Typical rates:
a) On field and vegetable crops: **0 - **0 g a.i./ha
b) On tree crops: **0 - ***0 g/ha
c) For post-harvest use: *5 - **0 g/hl

Toxicology:
1) Oral: acute oral LD*0 for rats >***0 mg a.i./kg
2) Skin and eyes: acute percutaneous LD*0 for rabbits >***0mg/kg; negligible
irritant to skin, temporary to eyes (rabbits)
3) Inhalation: LC*0 (4h) for rats > 2mg/L air
4) NOEL: (2y) for rats > ***0 mg/kg diet, no evidence of histopathological changes;
for dogs **0 mg/kg diet
5) ADI: (JMPR) 0.1mg/kg b.w.
6) Birds: eight day dietary LC*0 for mallard ducks and bobwhite quails
> ****0mg/kg diet (using *0% formulation)
7) Fish: LC*0 (*6h) for rainbow trout 0.*7, goldfish 4.2 mg/L
8) Bees: not toxic to bees LD*0 (contact) > *0 μg/bee
9) Worms: LC Worm: LC*0 (*4 d) *0.5mg/kg (*4 d) *0.5mg/kg
*0) Daphnia LC*0 (*8h) **0μg

It is a systemic benzimidazole fungicide that is selectively toxic to microorganisms and invertebrates, especially earthworms. Benomyl binds to microtubules, interfering with cell functions, such as meiosis and intracellular transportation. The selective toxicity of benomyl as a fungicide is possibly due to its heightened effect on fungal rather than mammalian microtubules.

Toxicity:Benomyl is of such a low toxicity to mammals, it has been impossible to administer doses large enough to establish an LD*0. It has an arbitrary LD*0 of "greater than *0,**0 mg/kg/day for rats". Skin irritation may occur through industrial exposure, and florists, mushroom pickers and floriculturists have reported allergic reactions to benomyl.

In a laboratory study, dogs fed benomyl in their diets for three months developed no major toxic effects, but did show evidence of altered liver function at the highest dose (**0 mg/kg). With longer exposure, more severe liver damage occurred, including cirrhosis.