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What do the Parameters Mean?

●Leukocytes: The detection of white blood cells in the urine suggests a possible UTI.

Expected result : Negative

 â—Nitrite: Screening for possible asymptomatic infections caused by nitrate-reducing bacteria Suggesting a possible UTI. Note: These two parameters (Leukocytes and Nitrite) are commonly used to screen for possible Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)Expected result : Negative

 â—Urobilinogen: the presence of excreted urobilinogen suggests a possible deterioration of liver functions. Urobilinogen is the breakdown product of bilirubin Expected result: less than *7 µmol/l (< 1mg/dl)

●Protein: This test is usually run to screen for kidney disease.  Protein in the urine is called Proteinuria.Expected result: Negative

●pH: Measures the acidity in your urine which may be a sign of kidney stones. Your pH varies during the day going from more acid in the am to more alkaline in the pm.Expected result : Low

●Blood: Blood in the urine is called hematuria. A number of things can cause hematuria including UTI, Kidney infection, medication, menstruation, strenuous exerciseExpected result: Negative

●Specific Gravity: Evaluates the bodys water balance (hydration) and urine concentration and helps evaluate kidney functions and possible kidney diseasesExpected Results: low at 1,**0 but normal ranges from 1.**0 to 1.**0

●Ketone: The control of urinary ketone is useful in managing and monitoring type 1diabetes.

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  Expected Results: Negative

●Bilirubin: The detection of Bilirubin in the urine is an early indication of liver disease. Bilirubin is the breakdown product of hemoglobin. Note: These two parameters (Urobilinogen and Bilirubin) are commonly used to screen for possible liver disease.

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  Expected Result: negative

●Glucose: Glucose in the urine could indicate diabetes or renal glycosuria.

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  Expected Results: Negative

Note: These two parameters are commonly used to screen for possible metabolic disorders

●Ascorbic Acid: People taking vitamin C may have large amounts of ascorbic acid in their urine. Ascorbic acid is known to interfere with the accuracy of some chemical test strips, causing them to be falsely low or falsely negative. Examples of tests that may be affected include the urine dipstick tests for glucose, blood, bilirubin, nitrite, and glucose