Polyprenol

Description

POLYPRENOLS
Description
      Polyprenols represent a long linear molecule composed of five-carbon isoprene fragments, so polyprenols are often called polyisoprenoids. At one of its ends, the molecule has a hydroxyl OH.
H -(-CH*-C(CH3) = CH-CH*-)n-CH*-C(CH3) = CH-CH*-OH
A polyprenol molecule
H-(-CH*-C(CH3) = CH-CH*-)n-CH2 -CH(CH3) -CH*-CH*-OH
A dolichol molecule
      The formula makes it evident that dolichols differ from polyprenols only in the last five-carbon fragment where there is a single bond instead of a double bond.
Pharmacological effect
      Over the past years there appeared about **0 patents on the production of polyprenol-based medicaments for various areas of medicine. The number of publications on the subject counts thousands of articles, conference reports, theses. The use of polyprenol-based compounds led to such great effects that they seemed simply impossible to achieve. It took about *0 years to dispel the doubts in the effectiveness of these compounds.
      Research made it clear that the disturbance in polyprenol synthesis can cause a wide range of diseases, from skin diseases to a Downs syndrome.
      At present the polyprenols are a brand-new class of hepatoprotectors that is just entering the world market among the biologically active compounds.
      Research gave positive data on the use of polyprenols for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Polyprenols also showed to possess the antitumor effect that was studied on models of tumor growth. During this study, polyprenols significantly inhibited the growth of tumor volume and mass, decreased the number of metastases and their total area.
      Polyprenols proved effective in the treatment of alcoholism and related disorders.
      Summing up the publications on this theme, it can be said that polyprenols normalize the number of dolichols in the body, increase resistance and also treat or contribute to the treatment in the following cases:
• diseases of the pancreas (chronic pancreatitis)
• peptic ulcer
• gastrointestinal disease
• gout
• diabetes
• encephalitis
• a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases
• chronic degenerative diseases
• neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system
• immunodeficiency (rheumatic fever, streptococcal infection)
• cardiovascular disease
• myocardial ischemia
• multiple sclerosis
• Alzheimer disease
• cancer
• weakened immune system
• blood stroke
• hypertension
• cardiosclerosis
• bronchi emphysema
• idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• bronchial asthma
• optic nerve atrophy
• allergic diseases
• men infertility
• osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
• diseases of the hepatobiliary system
• ulcerative colitis
• fat and protein liver dystrophy
• chronic hepatitis A, B, C
• a variety of liver damage diseases associated with the poisoning with toxic substances, drugs and alcohol
• vascular thrombosis
• clogged arteries
• food neuroses (bulimia, anorexia)
• chronic alcoholism
Mechanism of action
      Dolichols are compounds that are synthesized in the liver and are involved in a so-called dolichol-phosphate cycle. This cycle is one of the key processes in the human body, which determines the condition of all organs and systems as well as the status of each individual cell of the animal. In a cell, polyprenols also perform a carrier function. A long molecule of a polyprenol transpierces the cell membrane three times facilitating the intake of necessary substances to a cell and the removal of cell waste products.
      In course of many diseases, dolichol emissions from the patient body sharply increase.
      Based on the results of research, if polyprenol synthesis stops or is disrupted, this leads to the apoptosis (death) of cells and therefore organs. Hence it becomes clear that if there are such disorders, one can try to stabilize the condition by a plant polyprenol treatment.
Side effects
      Unlike many medicaments, polyprenols are substantially harmless to humans. They have no mutagenicity, no teratogenicity; there is practically no acute or chronic toxicity. In Russia, the polyprenols are recognized as an official medicine and the Russian Ministry of Health allows the use of the substance by a human.
Dosage
      Since ***2, polyprenols were included into the list of the most important components of essential nutrition for a normal life support. The values of daily consumption of polyprenols were introduced by the Commission of the Customs Union dated April 7, ***1, number **2, in a revision of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated November 6, ***2, number **8.
      An adequate daily intake level for an adult is *0 mg. This dose is necessary for a healthy body functioning and thus is preventive. The treatment dosage is much larger and can be adjusted by a doctor depending on the medical indications of a patient.Although admittedly, nowadays doctors hardly know about polyprenols